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Flipped classroom is an instructional strategy and a type of blended learning that reverses the traditional educational arrangement by delivering instructional content, often online, outside of the classroom. It moves activities, including those that may have traditionally been considered homework, into the classroom. In a flipped classroom, students watch online lectures, collaborate in online discussions, or carry out research at home and engage in concepts in the classroom with the guidance of the instructor.〔 ==Traditional vs flipped teaching== In the traditional model of classroom instruction, the teacher is typically the central focus of a lesson and the primary disseminator of information during the class period. The teacher responds to questions while students defer directly to the teacher for guidance and feedback. In a classroom with a radically traditional style of instruction, individual lessons may be didactic and content oriented. Student engagement in the traditional model may be limited to activities in which students work independently or in small groups on an application task designed by the teacher. Class discussions are typically centered on the teacher, who controls the flow of the conversation.〔Ryback, D., & Sanders, J. (1980). Humanistic versus traditional teaching styles and student satisfaction. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 20(87), 87-90〕 Typically, this pattern of teaching also involves giving students the task of reading from a textbook or practicing a concept by working on a problem set, for example, outside school.〔The flip: Turning a classroom upside down, Washington Post, 4. June, 2012.〕 The flipped classroom intentionally shifts instruction to a learner-centered model in which class time explores topics in greater depth and creates meaningful learning opportunities, while educational technologies such as online videos are used to deliver content outside of the classroom. In a flipped classroom, content delivery may take a variety of forms. Often, video lessons prepared by the teacher or third parties are used to deliver content, although online collaborative discussions, digital research, and text readings may be used.〔Abeysekera, Lakmal, and Phillip Dawson (2015). "Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom: definition, rationale and a call for research." Higher Education Research & Development 34(1), 1-14.〕〔Marco Ronchetti (June 2010), "Using video lectures to make teaching more interactive", International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET)〕〔Greg Topp (6 Oct 2011), "Flipped classrooms take advantage of technology", USA Today〕 Flipped classrooms also redefine in-class activities. In-class lessons accompanying flipped classroom may include activity learning or more traditional homework problems, among other practices, to engage students in the content. Class activities vary but may include: using math manipulatives and emerging mathematical technologies, in-depth laboratory experiments, original document analysis, debate or speech presentation, current event discussions, peer reviewing, project-based learning, and skill development or concept practice〔Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: reach every student in every class every day. Washington, DC: International Society for Technology in Education.〕〔Sparks, S. D. (2011). Schools "flip" for lesson model promoted by Khan Academy. Education Week, 31(5), 1. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2011/09/28/05khan_ep.h31.html〕 Because these types of active learning allow for highly differentiated instruction,〔Alvarez, B. (2011). Flipping the classroom: Homework in class, lessons at home. Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed For Quick Review, 77(8), 18-21. Retrieved from http://neapriorityschools.org/successful-students/flipping-the-classroom-homework-in-class-lessons-at-home-2〕 more time can be spent in class on higher-order thinking skills such as problem-finding, collaboration, design and problem solving as students tackle difficult problems, work in groups, research, and construct knowledge with the help of their teacher and peers.〔Bennett, B., Spencer, D., Bergmann, J., Cockrum, T., Musallam, R., Sams, A., Fisch, K., & Overmyer, J. (2013). The flipped classroom manifest. Retrieved from http://www.thedailyriff.com/articles/the-flipped-class-manifest-823.php〕 Flipped classrooms have been implemented in both schools and colleges and been found to have varying differences in the method of implementation.〔http://emantras.us/how-flipped-classrooms-change-from-schools-to-colleges-infographic/ How Flipped Classrooms change from Schools to Colleges ()〕 A teacher's interaction with students in a flipped classroom can be more personalized and less didactic, and students are actively involved in knowledge acquisition and construction as they participate in and evaluate their learning.〔〔Alvarez, B. (2011). Flipping the classroom: Homework in class, lessons at home. Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed For Quick Review, 77(8), 18-21〕〔Flipped Learning Network http://fln.schoolwires.net/cms/lib07/VA01923112/Centricity/Domain/46/FLIP_handout_FNL_Web.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Flipped classroom」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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